
我的一位同学已经去世了,我的叔叔可能得了新冠肺炎,现在在家里,情况不是很好,至少有5位我认识的人现在医院里抢救。”一位50多岁不愿透露姓名的孟买居民忧愁地向第一财经记者表示。
连日来,印度新冠肺炎确诊人数节节高攀,已经连续第五日打破全球单日确诊病例的最高纪录。根据印度卫生部在26日公布的最新数据,之前一天,全印共有超过35万人确诊,3天内确诊人数破百万,而确诊病例总数已经突破1700万。
印度总理莫迪在25日敦促所有国民尽快接种疫苗,并提高对疫情警惕。他在广播讲话中说:“我们在成功应对第一波疫情后士气高昂。但是现在,这一波疫情已动摇了整个国家。”
在接受第一财经记者采访时,印度金德尔全球大学教授黄迎虹表示,新一轮疫情与去年第一波疫情暴发的时间点相仿,或与气候和节庆等因素有一定关联性;此外,疫情中的高低起伏并不是印度所特有的,其他各国也需要吸取经验教训,对抗疫的前景做出保守判断,共同应对挑战。
一瓶氧气抵普通人半年工资
印度公共卫生基金会流行病学教授巴布(GiridharRBabu)认为,与去年第一波疫情相比,印度当前疫情呈现蔓延速度快、无症状感染者多、年轻感染者占多数等特点。
由于印度疫情急剧恶化,新增确诊病例呈“爆炸式”增长。医疗系统疲于应付,医院早已不堪负荷、氧气和药品严重缺乏。
如今每个氧气瓶几乎都是争夺的对象。各大城市的医院外,患者排长队等候就医,家属们忧心忡忡。
印度首都新德里所有医院不堪重负,多数医院已满员,氧气即将耗尽,有些病人送到医院后因为缺乏氧气而病亡,还有一些病人还没被送进医院就已死亡。首都新德里在25日报告有357例死亡病例,这意味着每4分钟就有一人死于新冠肺炎。然而这一数字可能依然是冰山一角,因为还有太多在家中死亡的患者没有将新冠肺炎列为死因。
由于氧气紧缺,各地方都尽可能地保证本地的氧气供应。为此,德里和北方邦、哈里亚纳邦之间甚至爆发了一场“氧气争夺战”。德里和北方邦互相指责对方转移自己的氧气配额,而哈里亚纳邦则直接控诉德里“抢劫”该邦氧气罐。
哈里亚纳邦卫生部长维杰(AnilVij)在接受印度媒体采访时表示,该邦一辆运送氧气的卡车在路过德里时被德里政府劫走。为此,他已经要求警察为所有运送氧气的卡车提供护卫。此外,还有多个邦的政府禁止氧气及氧气运输车辆离开本邦。
地方政府不能保障氧气供应,给普通老百姓带来巨大的恐慌和混乱。印度各类社交平台上随处可见患者家人和朋友绝望的恳求。求助信息从医院病床到药物,CT扫描、新冠病毒检测,到隔离期间老年人的食物供应。
为了拯救家人,很多人不得不到非正规的黑市购买各类医疗物资。然而价格也并非普通人能够承受。据英国媒体报道,一位名叫普里亚的德里妇女为了挽救公公的生命,花了5万卢比(约合4340元人民币(6.4855, -0.0108, -0.17%))从黑市上买了一个氧气瓶,而在正常情况下,一个氧气瓶的价格只要6000卢比(约合521元人民币)。
5万卢比相当印度普通工人5个月的工资,而5万卢比一瓶氧气还只是黑市上的起步价,在其他地方,一瓶氧气甚至喊价到10万卢比的,这已经要接近普通人1年的工资了。
面对失去控制的疫情,印度首都新德里首席部长凯杰里瓦尔25日表示,目前新德里实施的全城封锁措施将延长至5月3日。他说,过去一周,新德里的新冠病毒检测阳性率高达36%至37%,不过25日已下降至29%。
旅行限制与援助同步
由于印度疫情持续恶化,引发多国担忧。印度的邻国和世界主要国家均相继出台针对印度旅客的入境限制措施。
在25日当天,就有德国、意大利、马尔代夫和孟加拉国对印度往来旅行设限。以德国为例,从26日零时起,德国将对印度实施入境禁令。这意味着,只有德国公民或者在德国有居留权的外国人才能从印度飞往德国,但是即便是他们也需要在入境前出示新冠病毒测试的阴性报告,并在抵达后进行隔离。
德国卫生部长施潘向媒体表示:“为了不危害我们的疫苗接种活动,必须对前往印度的旅行加以限制。”消息人士还透露,德国政府正在考虑暂停与印度之间的航空往来,包括一些间接航班。
而就在各国争相对印度旅行设限之时,不少印度富豪利用私人飞机逃离印度。据英国媒体报道,在英国对印旅行限制生效的24日凌晨4时之前,8架搭载着印度超级富豪的私人飞机降落在伦敦机场。最后一架降落的时间是凌晨3时15分,这距离限制措施生效仅有44分钟。
同时,还有很多印度民众逃往阿联酋,导致从新德里到迪拜的机票比平时上涨了5倍。同时,还有传言称,泰国也成为印度富豪逃难的目的地,不过在25日的泰国全国疫情新闻发布会上,发言人称与泰国外交部沟通后,确认上述传言不是事实,并没有印度的富豪包机入境泰国。
一方面各国对往来印度的旅行设限,但另一方面也表现出了人道主义精神,向印度提供急需的医疗物资。
美国表示将立即提供制造新冠疫苗的原材料。而据英国媒体报道,英国已开始把呼吸机和氧气浓缩器运往印度,同时欧盟成员国也即将运出它们的相关设备。
就连印度的“世仇”巴基斯坦也表示愿为印度提供医疗设备和物资。巴基斯坦总理伊姆兰·汗在推特上祝福印度“迅速战胜疫情”,该国一家慈善机构也致信莫迪,表示愿意提供50辆救护车。
4月23日,中国外交部发言人在主持例行记者会时也表示:“中国政府和人民坚定支持印度政府和人民抗击疫情,愿根据印方需求提供支持与帮助,正就此同印方保持沟通。中方相信印度人民一定能够早日战胜疫情。”

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