近期，欧洲主要港口的严重拥堵已经对全球航运造成重大冲击。根据最新的报告，北欧主要港口如不来梅港、安特卫普港、汉堡港等的拥堵状况正在恶化，泊位等待时间大幅增长，打乱了全球供应链。
港口拥堵的主要因素
拥有全球影响力的伦敦海运咨询公司德路里指出，劳动力短缺和莱茵河的低水位显著阻碍了内陆地区的驳船运输。此外，因美国总统特朗普暂时取消对中国进口商品的部分高额关税，导致物资运输需求激增，这加剧了港口的压力。
在这段期间内，欧洲主要港口的延误时间显著增加。其中，不来梅港的泊位等待时间跃升了77%，安特卫普和汉堡港则分别增加了37%和49%，其他港口如鹿特丹和费利克斯托也未能幸免。
全球航运市场的连带影响
这种拥堵状况已经开始影响跨太平洋的东行贸易。尤其在美中关税90天暂停期的背景下，旺季需求提前显现，造成航运行业的进一步压力。自4月底以来，中国深圳、洛杉矶和纽约也出现了集装箱船等待泊位的数量增加的现象。
然而，德国不来梅港等港口的状况尽管有所改善，但预计完全控制需要6到8周的时间。由于关税政策的不确定性，美国和欧盟间的反复摩擦让进出口商难以调整订单，导致需求和供给的异常波动。
运费上涨的预期
航运公司已开始采取措施应对成本上涨的压力。全球领先的集装箱航运公司地中海航运公司（MSC）宣布，自6月起，将提高亚洲出发的货物运价，并征收旺季附加费。这表明，运费上涨压力将在未来几周延续。
德路里指出，港口延误正在延长运输时间，扰乱库存计划，使托运人不得不携带额外的库存，这一系列问题将在短期内推动运价上升。此外，特朗普持续对欧盟威胁加征关税，增加了政策不确定性，也对运输成本构成了预期压力。
红海地区的地缘政治风险仍然存在，船只不得不绕行非洲南部，安全的苏伊士运河航线尚未恢复正常。赫伯罗特公司首席执行官Jansen指出，苏伊士运河航行恢复需谨慎且渐进，以免港口因交通量激增而瘫痪。
部分内容数据选取&参考：epthomtimes、自由财经等
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