
美国总统特朗普最近提出的电影关税计划,引发了美国电影界的广泛讨论和忧虑。特朗普建议对在外国制作的电影征收100%关税,其初衷是想通过此举提升美国本土电影制作行业的活力。然而,这项政策是否能真正“让好莱坞再次伟大”,仍然值得商榷。
好莱坞的困境与疑虑
特朗普指出,外国通过各种优惠政策吸引美国电影制作人,这对美国电影行业构成了威胁。然而,好莱坞对此关税计划反应冷淡。多家媒体和业内人士纷纷表示,这样的关税可能适得其反,使得原本已经处境艰难的好莱坞面临更大的挑战。美国《国会山》日报更是质疑此类关税的法律和实践可操作性,并预计会引发法律挑战。
此外,业界人士指出,电影制作通常在多个国家进行分阶段完成,仅在美国进行后期制作。因此,对“外国制作影片”征收高额关税,无疑将增加好莱坞制作的整体成本,造成电影项目被迫缩减或取消的局面。
全球产业链与软实力的争议
在全球化时代,电影制作的全球产业链如同汽车制造一样复杂。很多好莱坞大公司选择将部分制作环节搬到海外,正是为了利用较低的生产成本和优待政策。事实上,美国的电影产业依赖于全球的经济合作,这也是其能够以贸易顺差存在的原因之一。数据显示,美国电影2023年的出口额达到226亿美元,贸易顺差为153亿美元。
特朗普计划对电影行业施加贸易壁垒,一方面可能导致外国对美国电影实施对等关税,进一步削弱美国在全球市场的竞争力;另一方面,也可能会减少国际电影合作,影响美国对外文化影响力的输出。
关税的影响及业界的担忧
好莱坞制片人兰迪·格林伯格指出,关税风波不仅增加制作成本,还可能让影院票价上涨,进而减少观影人次。此举不仅不利于美国电影行业的复苏,还可能加剧观众流失,打击电影公司的财政收益。
总的来说,尽管特朗普计划初衷是保护和提升美国电影行业,但业内分析普遍认为其“弊大于利”。好莱坞需要的是全球合作与开放,而非贸易壁垒和孤立政策。倡导通过构建更有竞争力的电影制作环境和推动国际合作,远比通过关税保护更能助力行业发展和复兴。
部分内容数据选取&参考:财新网、虎嗅等

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