国际粮食价格正在迅速上涨。联合国粮农组织食品价格指数5月份平均上涨127.1点，环比上涨4.8%，同比上涨39.7%，创下2011年9月以来的最高水平。在此背景下，一方面，全球多国为保障粮食安全积极囤粮，粮食供不应求；另一方面，粮食生产大国为避免食物短缺，则对关键食品出口加以限制。
国际粮价创10年新高，俄罗斯3国收紧粮食出口！
虽说俄罗斯是全球粮食出口大国，2019-2020农业年度（2019年7月1日至2020年6月30日）该国粮食出口达4170万吨，其中小麦3320万吨，出口量继续保持世界第一；但是俄罗斯同样躲不过食品价格大涨的威胁，去年该国国内的糖、蛋、肉和葵花籽油价格上涨10%。
要知道，由于受疫情的打击，目前有2000万俄罗斯人生活在贫困线以下，在居民收入减少的情况下，食品价格上涨意味着俄罗斯人的生活水平进一步下降。因此，俄罗斯正在考虑如何在最大程度上保证粮食出口的同时，又能让国内消费者不受到粮价上涨的影响。
据俄媒报道，随着粮价上涨，俄罗斯将继续监视出口并采取进一步的限制措施，包括对一些商品征收出口关税。例如，近日俄罗斯宣布从6月5日开始禁止出口荞麦，该限制令有效期到今年8月31日。
而在今年初，俄罗斯联邦经济部颁布了一项新的谷物出口政策，其中将3月1日至6月30日期间的小麦出口税设定为每吨50欧元(1.2158, -0.0006, -0.05%)，并规定对包括小麦、黑麦、大麦和玉米在内的谷物实行出口配额制，配额数量为1750 万吨，超出配额的粮食出口量将被征收每吨不少于100欧元的出口关税。
除了世界最大的小麦出口国俄罗斯已经实施了谷物出口税，为了优先保障本国粮食供给，欧洲重要粮仓乌克兰和全球最大的饲料出口国阿根廷也开始设定出口配额。主要粮食大国限制粮食出口，在一定程度上也将继续推动粮食价格上涨。
美国是始作俑者？印钞25万亿引发通胀，中国粮食进口大增57%！
那么本轮国际粮价迅速上涨的主要因素是什么？一是粮食库存低迷，但粮食需求大增。2020年疫情暴发时，全球的粮食出口商大量出售库存，导致各国粮食储量有限。例如，当前全球最大的粮食出口国之一的美国谷物（主要是玉米）和油料作物（主要是大豆）库存同比下滑近30%。
二是变幻多端的天气不利于农作物的生长。全球粮食很大程度上依然是“靠天吃饭”，但南美遭遇拉尼娜气候，大片地区不是太干燥就是太潮湿，导致粮食减产；印度、越南遭遇蝗灾，大量粮田被糟蹋；如今美国大部分春季种植区则面临着严重的干旱等等。这些农业产粮大国产量大幅减少，就直接导致粮价上涨。
三是美国成为全球大通胀的始作俑者。美国利用其美元霸主地位疯狂印钞，截至5月24日，美联储资产负债表达到近8万亿美元，和2020年初的4万亿美元一比，美联储已经印了4万亿美元。大量美元撒出去，导致全球商品价格大涨。
需要一提的是，在国际粮价大涨之际，中国已经“多管齐下”，做好准备。数据显示，1-4月我国粮食进口量5079.2万吨，同比增长57.8%。此外，中国粮食产量连续6年保持在1.3万亿斤以上，中国人均粮食占有量高于国际公认的400公斤粮食安全线。
3月下旬，中国农业农村部部长唐仁健已表示：“我可以非常负责任地告诉大家，中国的粮食安全是完全有保障的，我们有能力端牢自己的饭碗。”
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