1/4成年人没有退休储蓄金 美国面临“退休危机”?

2021年05月17日 9421点热度 0人点赞 1,635条评论

1/4成年人没有退休储蓄金 美国面临“退休危机”?

3月普华永道(PWC)发布了最新出炉的调查报告,称25%的美国成年人没有退休储蓄金。只有近36%的成年人感觉自己的退休计划有着落,虽在正轨上但也不够养老用。普华永道把有存款部分的储蓄金中位数设为12万美元,以此计算,以退休后10年的生活费计算,平均每月生活水准为1000美元,多数人退休后不但不可能提高自己的生活水平,就是说无法旅游或享乐,而且很可能会陷入“缺钱”的困境,特别是如果出了健康问题而产生医疗费时,肯定会陷入金钱困境中。

美国人的平均寿命是79岁(2019年数据),如果按照60岁退休活到79岁计算,那么就只有平均每月526美元的生活费,这根本不够维持基本生活。美国是把个人年收入12760美元以下的列为贫困,即每月收入1063美元,由此可见,存款在12万美元及以下的老年人生活水准落入贫困线下,成为了贫困老人。如果考虑到美国人均寿命的持续延长,那么 “老年贫困”将更显悲惨。

带队完成这项调研的普华永道资产和财富部的盖斯队长在接受电视采访中直接称“这是这个国家的危机”。2019年5月由美国联邦储蓄委员会出具的报告,揭示的情况与普华永道的结论如出一辙,该报告给出了各个细分年龄段成年人的数据,其中60岁以上老年人群中的13%以及45~59岁成年人中的17%都完全没有储蓄存款。

由此可见,美国人同亚洲人的存款习惯差异很大,亚洲人一般都有存款以备不时之需,比如日本的家庭存款平均为17.55万美元(根据2019年的官方数据),是保持高存款率的国家之一。但是因为现在的年轻一代普遍使用信用卡,养成负债消费的习惯,不存款人口比例连年增加,这也引起了日本政府的担忧。

为什么被认为是生活富裕的美国人会出现没钱养老的现象?美国的“退休危机”来了吗?薪水不涨物价涨,没有充足的退休计划,长期鼓励消费而保持低利息的美元政策,使得大众没有积极性去存款而是负债消费,再加上人口老龄化导致老年人口激增从而给国家财政带来的压力已经造成了美国的退休危机。有约4500万美国人将在2021至2030年的10年内退休,这将进一步加剧美国人“没钱养老”的状况。

美国没有像日本一样的“国民年金”和“国民健康保险”,就职于大企业的人有企业提供的养老金计划,而就职于中小企业或者个体从业者就要完全靠自己养老,除了购买长期的养老保险就只有自己存款。因为没有“国民健康保险”,医疗费的开销实际上占了很高的比例,特别是一旦产生了大病带来的高额医疗费就会直接导致很多人负债或者破产。

美国有政府支付的Medicare为65岁以上的贫困老人提供医疗费保障,可以在一定程度上帮助他们。但是如果贫困老人的总数持续增加,给政府带来的财政负担将持续增大,不使用Medicare的人就会感到不满,有人指责“这是让所有的纳税人养活那些自己不存养老金的人”。可见,个人存款问题不但关系着政府的财政问题,还引发了社会问题。这也难怪美国媒体要这样关注和大篇幅报道普华永道的调查数据了。

美国的财富严重集中在大公司和富人的手中,贫富差距巨大,政府规定的最低时薪是7.25美元,低于加拿大,在世界各国的排行榜中列第12位,中低产阶层的收入在未来数年中难以提高。普华永道发布的调查数据显示,一半美国人不做退休计划,这包括33%的人完全没有获得退休计划的途径,收入仅够维持生活且不少人还有负债,根本没有存款的资源和途径;而16%的人虽然有获得退休计划的途径但是并不参与。

很多人认为美国很富,个人没存款,但是政府有钱,政府总不会看着老人饿死不救吧?当贫困老人太多,单靠政府哪够?就连世界最高福利的挪威、芬兰等北欧国家也只能提供吃住和医疗等方面的基本保障,想要过自己理想的养老生活,还是需要自己有钱。

退休计划是件大事,应尽早做养老计划,因为养老金的积累是一个长期的任务。自律能力强的人可以自己设计存款计划,否则可以购买长期的养老保险来约束自己按时存款,市场上有很多商业养老保险,可以仔细比较然后选择最适合自己的保险。

为了普及资产管理知识,在美国高中都设有个人理财的选修课程,把“管理和安排好自己的资产也是一项个人的责任”的理念灌输给年轻人,笔者认为这是一个好的措施,从长期来看,应该会产生积极的效果,也值得其他国家借鉴。

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    In order to claim a corporate income tax refund, a foreign company must be registered in Malta as a trading or holding company (deriving its income from trading activities or from participation in other organisations, respectively).
    In the tax accounting of a Maltese company, the income earned by it must be recorded in one of four tax accounts: “foreign profits”, “Maltese profits”, “profits from immovable property”, “non-taxable income”. Each type of income is taxed according to its own rules. The final amount of tax is recorded in the fifth account “final tax”.
    Example. Consider the two most common cases: a Maltese company derives profits from trading activities abroad and from participation in other companies. In either case, these profits are subject to statutory tax at 35 per cent, but the Maltese shareholders are entitled to claim a refund of the tax taken from the dividends distributed. The refund rules differ for different types of income.
    If a Maltese company derives income from trading activities outside Malta (and the term “trading” includes both the direct purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services), its shareholders are entitled, upon receipt of the dividend, to apply for a refund of 6/7th of the tax previously paid in Malta. Therefore, the effective income tax rate will be 5 per cent.

    2024年8月28日
  • Richardbut

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    Wasilla, south central Alaska. Home to bears, lakes, mountains and a flight school that’s fast becoming a private aviation wonderland.

    At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, you can opt for a scenic flight tour with glacier views, take the controls for a flying lesson, or go all in and get your pilot training.

    When night falls over the broad vistas of the US state they call the Last Frontier, you can then climb the steps to two unique accommodation experiences: a converted McDonnell Douglas DC-6 airplane and the newest arrival, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – still with its DHL livery.

    The fast-developing site is an ongoing project by FLY8MA founder Jon Kotwicki, who previously owned a flight school in Florida, before working as a commercial pilot and eventually ending up in Alaska.

    Flying for the airlines “pays good money and everything, but it’s a very boring job,” he says. “Driving Uber is more interesting because you could talk to your passengers.”

    Having fallen in love with the south central region on a vacation spent hiking, fishing and spotting bears and grizzlies, he chose it as a spot where he and his team – and his trusty Pomeranian dog Foxtrot – could “buy a lot of property and perhaps develop our own airport and run our own show.”

    2024年8月29日
  • FrankKap

    The man turning jet planes into cool houses
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    Wasilla, south central Alaska. Home to bears, lakes, mountains and a flight school that’s fast becoming a private aviation wonderland.

    At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, you can opt for a scenic flight tour with glacier views, take the controls for a flying lesson, or go all in and get your pilot training.

    When night falls over the broad vistas of the US state they call the Last Frontier, you can then climb the steps to two unique accommodation experiences: a converted McDonnell Douglas DC-6 airplane and the newest arrival, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – still with its DHL livery.

    The fast-developing site is an ongoing project by FLY8MA founder Jon Kotwicki, who previously owned a flight school in Florida, before working as a commercial pilot and eventually ending up in Alaska.

    Flying for the airlines “pays good money and everything, but it’s a very boring job,” he says. “Driving Uber is more interesting because you could talk to your passengers.”

    Having fallen in love with the south central region on a vacation spent hiking, fishing and spotting bears and grizzlies, he chose it as a spot where he and his team – and his trusty Pomeranian dog Foxtrot – could “buy a lot of property and perhaps develop our own airport and run our own show.”

    2024年8月29日
  • Keitheping

    The ghost town that has stood empty for more than a century
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    There’s a large and very dignified school in Kayakoy. There are narrow streets, lined with houses, that wend and rise up both sides of a steep valley. There’s an ancient fountain in the middle of the town. And there are churches, one with million-dollar hilltop views over the blue Aegean.

    But, for most of the past 100 years, there have been no people.

    Kayakoy, in southwestern Turkey’s Mugla Province, is a true ghost town. Abandoned by its occupants and haunted by the past. It’s a monument, frozen in time – a physical reminder of darker times in Turkey.

    With hillsides dotted by countless crumbling buildings slowly being swallowed by greenery, and endless views into vanished lives, it’s also a fascinating and starkly beautiful place to visit. In summer, under clear skies and blazing suns, it’s eerie enough. Even more so in cooler seasons, wreathed in mountain or sea mists.
    Just over a century ago, Kayakoy, or Levissi as it was known, was a bustling town of at least 10,000 Greek Orthodox Christians, many of whom were craftspeople who lived peacefully alongside the region’s Muslim Turkish farmers. But in the upheaval surrounding Turkey’s emergence as an independent republic, their simple lives were torn apart.

    Tensions with neighboring Greece after the Greco-Turk war ended in 1922 led to both countries ejecting people with ties to the other. For Kayakoy, that meant a forced population exchange with Muslim Turks living in Kavala, in what is now the Greek region of Macedonia and Thrace.

    But the newly arrived Muslims were reputedly less than happy with their new home, swiftly moving on and leaving Kayakoy to fall to ruin.

    2024年8月29日
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    Wasilla, south central Alaska. Home to bears, lakes, mountains and a flight school that’s fast becoming a private aviation wonderland.

    At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, you can opt for a scenic flight tour with glacier views, take the controls for a flying lesson, or go all in and get your pilot training.

    When night falls over the broad vistas of the US state they call the Last Frontier, you can then climb the steps to two unique accommodation experiences: a converted McDonnell Douglas DC-6 airplane and the newest arrival, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – still with its DHL livery.

    The fast-developing site is an ongoing project by FLY8MA founder Jon Kotwicki, who previously owned a flight school in Florida, before working as a commercial pilot and eventually ending up in Alaska.

    Flying for the airlines “pays good money and everything, but it’s a very boring job,” he says. “Driving Uber is more interesting because you could talk to your passengers.”

    Having fallen in love with the south central region on a vacation spent hiking, fishing and spotting bears and grizzlies, he chose it as a spot where he and his team – and his trusty Pomeranian dog Foxtrot – could “buy a lot of property and perhaps develop our own airport and run our own show.”

    2024年8月29日
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    МОСКВА, 7 мая — РИА Новости. Правительство России, возглавляемое Михаилом Мишустиным, уйдет в отставку во вторник.
    Сразу после инаугурации президента Владимира Путина нынешний кабинет министров сложит полномочия перед вступившим в должность главой государства.
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    2024年9月7日
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  • Thomasbob

    Life is Good — почему произошёл технический СКАМ проекта
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    Компания «Life Is Good» позиционировала себя как финансово-консалтинговый проект. Она привлекала денежные активы от клиентов, формируя из них инвестиционные вклады, которые приносят пассивный доход от 20% годовых в валюте.

    Официальный сайт компании — lifeisgood.company. Ценной информации на нем очень мало. В разделе «О компании» вместо рассказа о том, чем занимается компания, — общие фразы про финансовую независимость и благополучие клиентов, а также шесть рекламных роликов с известными людьми.
    Данная компания создана в 2014 году. Зарегистрирована в государстве-офшоре Белиз, что находится в Центральной Америке. Соответственно, выданный там сертификат не имеет на территории России никакой юридической силы. Лицензия ЦБ РФ отсутствует.

    Руководитель компании — Роман Василенко, обладатель многочисленных фотошопных регалий, количеству которых позавидовал бы даже Александр Невский (уот так уот), ветеран МЛМ движения в РФ, ну практически святой человек.

    С 1990 года по 1999 год служил в Вооруженных силах РФ.

    После службы работал в инвестиционной компании Save-Invest (Si), зарегистрированной в Швейцарии, которая обещала инвестиционные продукты со сверх доходностью. В 2000х годах газета Коммерсантъ выпустила статью о расследовании сотрудников ФСБ на предмет ведения мошеннической деятельности в РФ.

    В 2012 году руководитель Оренбургского управления Татьяна Горынина, обманувшая своих клиентов на 50 млн. получила 6 лет тюрьмы за мошенничество.

    Далее работал в инвестиционной компании “Life Division”, которая до сих пор продолжает свою работу.

    Также Роман активно ведёт блог в инстаграмме и на ютуб, темы всё те же — успешный успех, освободись от рабства, нужно только захотеть и т.д.

    Участники делали ежемесячные взносы в счет стоимости будущей квартиры. Значительная часть средств шла организаторам компании, а все остальное делились между вышестоящими пайщиками.
    Наступила стадия «критического дна», т.е. взносов от новичков поступало меньше, чем необходимо выплачивать более «старым» клиентам, основатели компании приостановили свою деятельность, а суммы, которые многие годы вносили пайщики, им просто не вернули.

    Life Is Good позиционировала себя как европейская компания, но привлекала в основном Россиян. Кстати, официальный сайт Life is Good переведен сразу на 9 языков. Непонятно для чего это сделано, ведь компания работает только в России, Казахстане и Киргизии. Наверное, поэтому над переводом на английский язык здесь не стали заморачиваться. С первого взгляда видны грубые грамматические ошибки.

    Компания работала в сотрудничестве с еще тремя: Best Way, Hermes Management и Vista.

    Гарантий сохранности денег не давала ни «Лайф-из-гуд», ни «Гермес-менеджмент». Но при этом «Лайф-из-гуд» все же предлагала страхование вложенных денег по оригинальной схеме.

    2024年9月8日
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  • EdwardCew

    Actress Gemma Arterton says director tried to pressure her to do sex scene
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    British actress Gemma Arterton has revealed that a director once tried to put pressure on her to film a sex scene, despite the fact that it wasn’t included in the script.

    In an interview with British publication the Radio Times, released Tuesday, Arterton said that, whilst on set, the director - who hasn’t been named - instructed her and her co-star to film a sex scene on a bed.

    “I said, ‘No, this scene was written for us to be off screen, so you just hear the noises,’” Arterton told the Radio Times. “I’d never have accepted the role if it was going to be filmed.”

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    The actress said that she was pressured by the director to film the scene, but that she “flat out” refused to take part in it.

    Had she been younger at the time, Arterton suggested that she might have been more concerned about being fired for refusing to film it.

    “I only felt like I could say that because I was older,” she said.
    “When I started acting, there was a lot of nudity – you were just expected to do it. When I was younger I played sexy characters, the girlfriend. As I’ve got older, that’s changed because I’m more successful and can choose the parts I want to play,” she said.

    She praised the use of intimacy coordinators in film and television since the #MeToo movement, telling the magazine that “it’s a totally different landscape” now.

    “Anything you’re not comfortable with is not going to happen. I’ve heard other actors that are like, ‘I loved it when there was no intimacy coordinator,’ but I definitely think it’s better,” she said.

    2024年9月15日
  • WilliamNab

    Long-lost copy of the US Constitution, found in North Carolina filing cabinet, heads to auction
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    Historical document appraiser and collector Seth Kaller spreads a broad sheet of paper across a desk. It’s in good enough condition that he can handle it, carefully, with clean, bare hands. There are just a few creases and tiny discolorations, even though it’s just a few weeks shy of 237 years old and has spent who knows how long inside a filing cabinet in North Carolina.

    At the top of the first page are familiar words but in regular type instead of the sweeping Gothic script we’re used to seeing: “WE, the People …”

    And the people will get a chance to bid for this copy of the US Constitution — the only of its type thought to be in private hands — at a sale by Brunk Auctions on Sept. 28 in Asheville, North Carolina.
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    The minimum bid for the auction of $1 million has already been made. There is no minimum price that must be reached.

    This copy was printed after the Constitutional Convention finished drafting the proposed framework of the nation’s government in 1787 and sent it to the Congress of the ineffective first American government under the Articles of Confederation, requesting they send it to the states to be ratified by the people.

    It’s one of about 100 copies printed by the secretary of that Congress, Charles Thomson. Just eight are known to still exist and the other seven are publicly owned.

    2024年9月15日
  • JohnnieLub

    Study shows how the pandemic may have affected teens’ brains
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    The pandemic’s effects on teenagers were profound — numerous studies have documented reports of issues with their mental health, social lives and more.

    Now, a new study suggests those phenomena caused some adolescents’ brains to age much faster than they normally would — 4.2 years faster in girls and 1.4 years faster in boys on average, according to the study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    By being the first to contribute details on aging differences by sex, the study adds to the existing body of knowledge provided by two previous studies on the Covid-19 pandemic and accelerated brain aging among adolescents.
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    “The findings are an important wake-up call about the fragility of the teenage brain,” said senior study author Dr. Patricia K. Kuhl, the Bezos Family Foundation Endowed Chair in Early Childhood Learning and codirector of the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle, via email. “Teens need our support now more than ever.”

    Significant socioemotional development occurs during adolescence, along with substantial changes to brain structure and function. The thickness of the cerebral cortex naturally peaks during childhood, steadily decreases throughout adolescence and continues to decrease through one’s lifespan, the authors wrote.

    The researchers originally intended to track ordinary adolescent brain development over time, starting with MRIs the authors conducted on participants’ brains in 2018. They planned to follow up with them for another scan in 2020.

    The pandemic delayed the second MRI by three to four years — when the 130 participants based in Washington state were between ages 12 and 20. The authors excluded adolescents who had been diagnosed with a developmental or psychiatric disorder or who were taking psychotropic medications.

    2024年9月15日
  • Williamsax

    Meet the artist transforming tennis balls into furniture
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    In the last two years, tennis has taken over our closets (court-appropriate garb can be found everywhere from Skims to Miu Miu), our screens (who could forget Zendaya’s turn as the tennis protoge-turned-elite-coach Tashi Duncan in “Challengers”) and now — our living rooms.

    At least that is the hope of Belgian eco-designer Mathilde Wittock, who fashions bespoke furniture from discarded tennis balls. Wittock’s sleek, modernist chaise longues are entirely cushionless — save for the padding of 500 precisely arranged tennis balls. Her one meter-long benches are similarly sparse, with some 270 balls being both stylish and structurally substantial.

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    “It takes around 24 different manufacturing steps to (make) a tennis ball, which is around five days. Then it has such a short lifespan,” Wittock told CNN in a video call from Brussels. “I was looking into tennis balls because I played tennis myself, so I know there is a lot of waste.”
    Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year — and almost all of them end up in landfills, taking over 400 years to decompose. The US Open, which ended at the weekend, goes through around 70,000 each year, with Wimbledon not far behind at 55,000. Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball stands at just nine games, depending on the level of tennis being played. “Even if they are contained in their box, if the box has been opened the gas inside the tennis balls will be released over time,” she said. “(Eventually) they will get flat and you’ll have to throw them away.”

    2024年9月15日
  • EddieCok

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    Kamala Harris and Donald Trump have had a fiery 90-minute debate in Philadelphia - their first of the 2024 US presidential election
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    After shaking hands - it was the first time they had met - the pair debated policy before moving onto more personal attacks

    Harris said people leave Trump rallies early "out of exhaustion and boredom" - he said people don't go to hers in the first place
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    Trump criticised Harris's record on immigration and the border, and also her shifting policy positions - Harris blamed him for "Trump abortion bans" and for the 6 January attacks on the US Capitol

    Snap polls suggest Harris won the debate, but Trump says afterwards that she "lost very badly"

    With the election taking place on 5 November, Harris is slightly ahead in national opinion polls - but polls are very tight in key battleground states

    Shortly after the debate, Taylor Swift endorsed Harris on Instagram, calling her a ''gifted leader''

    2024年9月15日
  • Walterjah

    Summary
    Kamala Harris and Donald Trump have had a fiery 90-minute debate in Philadelphia - their first of the 2024 US presidential election
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    After shaking hands - it was the first time they had met - the pair debated policy before moving onto more personal attacks

    Harris said people leave Trump rallies early "out of exhaustion and boredom" - he said people don't go to hers in the first place
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    Trump criticised Harris's record on immigration and the border, and also her shifting policy positions - Harris blamed him for "Trump abortion bans" and for the 6 January attacks on the US Capitol

    Snap polls suggest Harris won the debate, but Trump says afterwards that she "lost very badly"

    With the election taking place on 5 November, Harris is slightly ahead in national opinion polls - but polls are very tight in key battleground states

    Shortly after the debate, Taylor Swift endorsed Harris on Instagram, calling her a ''gifted leader''

    2024年9月15日
  • DonaldVow

    Summary
    Kamala Harris and Donald Trump have had a fiery 90-minute debate in Philadelphia - their first of the 2024 US presidential election
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    After shaking hands - it was the first time they had met - the pair debated policy before moving onto more personal attacks

    Harris said people leave Trump rallies early "out of exhaustion and boredom" - he said people don't go to hers in the first place
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    Trump criticised Harris's record on immigration and the border, and also her shifting policy positions - Harris blamed him for "Trump abortion bans" and for the 6 January attacks on the US Capitol

    Snap polls suggest Harris won the debate, but Trump says afterwards that she "lost very badly"

    With the election taking place on 5 November, Harris is slightly ahead in national opinion polls - but polls are very tight in key battleground states

    Shortly after the debate, Taylor Swift endorsed Harris on Instagram, calling her a ''gifted leader''

    2024年9月15日