鲍威尔遭特朗普连番施压，美联储独立性面临关键考验
白宫与美联储的博弈升级
近期，美国总统特朗普在多个公开场合猛烈抨击美联储主席鲍威尔，直言其“不称职”，并透露正考虑三到四位可能的继任人选。被提及的包括前美联储理事沃什、白宫经济委员会主任哈塞特、现任理事沃勒以及财政部长贝森特。尽管特朗普多次放话“考虑撤换鲍威尔”，但他又在不同场合有所收回。这种反复被普遍视为意图通过施压与暗示，间接影响美联储的货币政策方向。
候选人的货币政策立场成为外界关注的焦点。沃勒在接受媒体采访时坦言担忧劳动力市场疲软，倾向支持降息；而沃什则强调美联储在面对外界批评时应更加坚定立场。显然，特朗普青睐那些在政策上更“配合”白宫意图的人选，这也是其不断施压鲍威尔的根本动机。
鲍威尔坚守政策独立性
尽管面临持续政治压力，鲍威尔在参议院听证会上坚持技术性与中立立场。他指出，美联储当前的利率工具建立在充足准备金体系上，回归稀缺准备金模式并不现实。在谈及经济前景时，鲍威尔坦言关税政策的长期影响尚未完全显现，但预计将在夏季对通胀带来一定压力。他还强调，尽管财政政策会对经济造成影响，美联储在制定货币政策时不会将联邦债务直接纳入考量。
此外，鲍威尔认为关税对通胀的传导效应可能较预期为低，并表态将持续根据数据评估风险与前景，展现出灵活且审慎的政策思维。
市场的不安与政策前景
特朗普对美联储的强硬言论，不仅在华盛顿引发广泛讨论，也在全球市场引起震荡。若未来联储政策倾向于回应政治压力而非经济数据，其长期以来累积的独立性与公信力可能遭受侵蚀。
鲍威尔在当前复杂局势中依旧强调以数据为本。他肯定了当前的经济复苏态势，但也警告称，若市场长期预期与美联储的通胀目标出现偏离，或遭遇新的通胀冲击，美联储将果断作出回应。
在白宫施压与全球经济不确定性交织的大背景下，鲍威尔正面临前所未有的挑战。他不仅要顶住政治干预，更需应对复杂的政策环境与市场预期。未来，美联储如何在保持独立性的同时灵活应对新变化，将成为观察美国货币政策走向的关键焦点。
部分内容数据选取&参考：TRT、wikipedia、易汇通等
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